Thomas Jefferson

Architect of Liberty and Contradictions

Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was America’s third president, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the most fascinating minds to ever wear a powdered wig. Born in Virginia, Jefferson was a lawyer, philosopher, diplomat, architect, gardener, inventor, violinist, and—if you ask him—possibly the smartest man in the room. His pen gave the colonies their most enduring words on liberty and equality, even if history still side-eyes him for not applying those ideals to everyone under his own roof.

During his presidency (1801–1809), Jefferson masterminded the Louisiana Purchase, effectively doubling the size of the United States for about four cents an acre—proof that he could strike a deal better than a modern-day flea market champion. He also launched the Lewis and Clark Expedition, sending two explorers (and a very patient Sacagawea) to map and marvel at the nation’s new backyard.

Off the political stage, Jefferson was a one-man Renaissance fair. He designed Monticello, founded the University of Virginia, collected books like they were going out of style, and experimented with everything from crop rotations to macaroni and cheese recipes. He could converse in multiple languages, correspond with the greatest thinkers of his age, and still find time to obsess over his wine cellar.

Jefferson’s legacy is as grand as it is complicated. He gave the world phrases that still stir hearts, shaped the architecture of American democracy, and proved that you can be both a visionary and a walking contradiction. Love him, debate him, or raise a glass of fine French wine to him—Thomas Jefferson remains one of history’s most intriguing and enduring founding figures.

“Beer, if drunk in moderation, softens the temper, cheers the spirit, and promotes health.”

—Thomas Jefferson